Casey Primozic’s Notes

Misc. notes, code, and other content I want to post publicly that don’t warrant a full blog post

By Casey Primozic

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Fixing Rust+WebAssembly Memory Access Out of Bounds Errors in Debug Mode

The Problem

In my project built with Rust compiled to WebAssembly, I started seeing errors like this that caused a crash - but only when it was compiled in debug mode:

wavetable.wasm-011dbbd6:0x17b89 Uncaught RuntimeError: memory access out of bounds
    at wavetable.wasm._ZN9wavetable2fm7effects14EffectInstance10from_parts17h321e4433e1216e56E (wavetable.wasm-011dbbd6:0x17b89)
    at wavetable.wasm._ZN9wavetable2fm7effects11EffectChain10set_effect17h969349e414104e9eE (wavetable.wasm-011dbbd6:0x1ba60)
    at wavetable.wasm.fm_synth_set_effect (wavetable.wasm-011dbbd6:0x314d3)
    at FMSynthAWP.port.onmessage (FMSynthAWP.js:171:37)

When compiling in release mode, the code ran just fine.

The decompiled debug-mode Wasm at the point of the crash looked like this:

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Fixing Cypress Tests Failing with 404 Errors in Github Actions CI but Working Locally

I have some very basic Cypress tests set up for one of my personal projects - a single-page application created with React. I have some simple Github Actions configured to automatically run those tests every time I push to the repository.

At some point somewhat randomly, those tests started failing in CI. It was probably due to some dependency getting upgraded or a change in the environment in which Github Actions runs. The tests still ran fine locally when using the same commands and configuration, though, and I struggled to figure out why.

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Notes on Self Hosting a Bluesky PDS Alongside Other Services

I’ve recently set up a Bluesky Personal Data Server (PDS) to store the data for my Bluesky account. I wanted to host it on my server alongside the many other web apps, databases, and many other services. I additionally wanted to use my top-level domain as my handle.

I started out following the install guide on the official PDS repo and it initially started out pretty well. However, I pretty quickly ran into some issues where the default config didn’t work for me.

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Fixing Artifacts Caused by Negative Color Sampling in WebGL

The Problem

I was working on a screen-space reflection shader. This involves reading pixels out of the main scene’s framebuffer/texture to be reflected.

I was seeing strange grainy-looking artifacts showing up in my reflections that I couldn’t trace to anything in my shader code. Here’s what they looked like:

A screenshot of a scene rendered with Three.JS using a screen-space reflections shader.  It shows a turquoise rectangular prism floating above a green rectangular platform with a reflection of the prism visible on the platform below.  The reflection has many grainy spots across it that looks like static.

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A Small Change to Significantly Improve Triplanar Mapping

Triplanar Mapping is a method I make use of all the time in my 3D projects. Over time, I’ve experimented with tweaks and alterations to it with the goal of making it look better, run more performantly, and be useful in more situations.

The main change I present here is switching from using a linear mix of texture weights from each axis to a non-linear mix.

To explain what I mean by this, I’ll just show some code.

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A Basic Graphviz Dark Theme Config

I regularly use Graphviz to generate… graph visualizations. Since my website and blog are all dark-themed, I usually want to set it up so that the generated SVG is dark-themed as well.

Here’s the basic config I use to make graphviz produce outputs with dark backgrounds and light content:

digraph G {
  bgcolor="#181818";

  node [
    fontcolor = "#e6e6e6",
    style = filled,
    color = "#e6e6e6",
    fillcolor = "#333333"
  ]

  edge [
    color = "#e6e6e6",
    fontcolor = "#e6e6e6"
  ]

  # The rest of your code goes here...
  A -> B;
  B -> C;
  C -> A;
}

That results in an output that looks like this:

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Fixing regl Error Invalid Dynamic Attribute

Recently when working with the regl WebGL wrapper library, I encountered a weird error that I didn’t understand the cause of:

(regl) invalid dynamic attribute "position" in command

I checked my code, and I was indeed passing a position attribute and the data array I was using to construct the buffer looked correct. The error also happened intermittently, happening after my application hot-reloaded.

The Cause

It turns out that I had accidentally created two regl instances and was trying to use buffers allocated on one with commands created on a different one.

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Fixing Sveltekit Failed to Load URL SERVER/internal.js

I was working on a new SvelteKit project with Svelte 5 recently, and I kept getting an error that prevented anything from loading in the browser:

[vite] Pre-transform error: Failed to load url __SERVER__/internal.js (resolved id: /Users/casey/osu-embeddings/frontend/.svelte-kit/generated/server/internal.js) in /Users/casey/osu-embeddings/frontend/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/src/runtime/server/index.js. Does the file exist?
[vite] Error when evaluating SSR module /node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/src/runtime/server/index.js: failed to import "__SERVER__/internal.js"
|- Error: Cannot find module '__SERVER__/internal.js' imported from '/Users/casey/osu-embeddings/frontend/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/src/runtime/server/index.js'
    at nodeImport (file:///Users/casey/osu-embeddings/frontend/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-DkOS1hkm.js:55067:25)
    at ssrImport (file:///Users/casey/osu-embeddings/frontend/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-DkOS1hkm.js:54976:30)
    at eval (/Users/casey/osu-embeddings/frontend/node_modules/@sveltejs/kit/src/runtime/server/index.js:5:37)
    at async instantiateModule (file:///Users/casey/osu-embeddings/frontend/node_modules/vite/dist/node/chunks/dep-DkOS1hkm.js:55036:9)

The Cause

It turns out that I had a broken symlink in my static/ directory. I had cloned the project down to a new computer, and the file only existed on the old one.

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Fixing Svelte VS Code e.children.findLastIndex Is Not a Function

The Problem

I recently created a new SvelteKit project using the Svelte 5 preview and kept getting an error at the beginning of every Svelte component:

A screenshot of VS Code showing an error at the first character of a Svelte file, marked with a red squiggly line.  The error message reads “e.children.findLastIndex is not a function svelte”

The error was e.children.findLastIndex is not a function (svelte). It was showing up even on the basic SvelteKit skeleton starter project as soon as I added a <style></style> block.

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Investigating Bogus Plausible Analytics Traffic

I run self-hosted Plausible analytics to keep track of how many people are visiting my various websites and web apps. I’m largely very happy with it - it gives me all of the info I need with only a miniscule JS payload, no cookies or other invasive tracking, and full control over the data.

However, recently I’ve been running into an issue with fake/bogus traffic getting submitted for my personal homepage. Usually, I’m more than happy to see a bump in traffic to one of my sites, but something was off about it this time.

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